![]() Tip: For more information about the Activity lifecycle and saving state, see The Activity Lifecycle.Īs you would with Activity lifecycle methods, you can override Fragment lifecycle methods to perform important tasks when the Fragment is in certain states. You learn more about communicating between an Activity and a Fragment later in this chapter. Because data in a Fragment is usually relevant to the Activity that hosts it, your Activity code can use a callback to retrieve data from the Fragment, and then restore that data when recreating the Fragment. OnAttach(), onCreate(), onCreateView(), onActivit圜reated()įragment is added and its layout is inflated.įragment is active and ready for user interaction.įragment is paused because the Activity is paused.įragment is stopped and no longer visible.Īs with an Activity, you can save the variable assignments in a Fragment. For example, when the Activity receives onPause(), it triggers a Fragment onPause() for each Fragment in the Activity. For example, when the Activity is paused, so are all Fragments in it, and when the Activity is destroyed, so are all Fragments.Įach lifecycle callback for the Activity results in a similar callback for each Fragment, as shown in the following table. How the Activity state affects the Fragmentīecause a Fragment is always hosted by an Activity, the Fragment lifecycle is directly affected by the host Activity lifecycle. Once added, the Fragment goes through three states, as shown in the figure below: The Fragment is added by an Activity (which acts as the host of the Fragment). Within the Fragment lifecycle callback methods, you can declare how your Fragment behaves when it is in a certain state, such as active, paused, or stopped. Using a Fragment lifecycle is a lot like using an Activity lifecycle (see The Activity Lifecycle for details). This chapter describes the mechanisms for passing data and how to manage the Fragment lifecycle within an Activity. Understanding the relationship between Activity and Fragment lifecycles helps you design fragments that can save and restore variables and communicate with activities.Īn Activity that hosts a Fragment can send information to that Fragment, and receive information from that Fragment. Like an Activity, a Fragment has its own lifecycle. Communicating between a Fragment and an Activity.Using Fragment methods and the Activity context.Unit 6: Working with Architecture Components All rights reserved.1.2: Fragment lifecycle and communicationsĤ.3: Best practices: network, battery, compression Microplastics Photosynthetic activity Shoe sole fragment Soil property.Ĭopyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. Our study findings indicate that it is necessary to develop shoe soles that have less harmful environmental effects. Overall, it was concluded that shoe sole fragments can cause adverse effects in plants and impair soil environment. Trekking shoe sole fragments did not exhibit plant photoinhibition however, their leachate inhibited photosynthesis. The fragments of slippers and running shoes boosted plant growth but changed the flavonoid content and photosynthetic factors. ![]() Moreover, the microplastic fragments and leachates directly affected plant growth and photosynthetic activities. The fragments of soles from sneakers increased the bulk density of the soil but reduced its water holding capacity. Shoe sole fragments exhibited adverse effects depending on the shoe type. Additionally, the fragments were leached for 30 d, and potentially toxic leachates were identified. Shoe sole fragments (size: 57-229 µm) were obtained from four shoe types (trekking shoes, slippers, sneakers, and running shoes) and plant toxicity assessments were performed. ![]() Here, we aimed to evaluate the toxicity of shoe sole fragments on a crop plant, Vigna radiata (mung bean). However, limited studies have evaluated their effects on soils and plants. These fragments can enter the soil ecosystem. Shoe sole fragments are generated by sole abrasion, which is unavoidable.
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